I. Introduction
The United States is threatening to pull
out of the planned United Nations Conference Against Racism, Racial
Discrimination, Xenophobia and Related Intolerance from 31st
August to 7th September to be held in South Africa, on the
pretext that discussions on whether ‘Zionism equals racism’ will
derail the conference. As usual, Israel’s leading donor remains
unwilling to allow any criticism of the Zionist State of Israel, nor
scrutiny of its policies that are perceived to be racist. This is not
the first time the U.S. has intervened to save Israel’s ideological
skin. The U.S. has already boycotted the two previous annual UN
Conferences Against Racism due to the inclusion of discussions of the
role of Zionism in Israel’s racial policies.
Indeed, the current President’s father,
President Bush Snr., while in his term at the White House told the UN
General Assembly at its opening session on 23rd September 1991
that to equate Zionism with racism is to “forget the terrible plight of
Jews in World War II and indeed throughout history.” The former President,
whose son appears to be following meticulously in his footsteps, chose not
to elaborate on why the historic suffering of the Jews in Europe somehow
places the Zionist State of Israel beyond criticism with regards to its
racial policies.
In this case, however, U.S. pressure in the
form of threats to boycott the conference have been seconded by the UN
High Commissioner for Human Rights, Mary Robinson, who has similarly
stated her opposition to any discussion of racism in relation to Israeli
policies. White House Press Secretary Ari Fleischer said: “The United
States stands on the side of what is right. And the United States stands
on the side of principle. And the United States can stand on the side of
making certain that a variety of third world nations do not hijack a
conference that should be aimed at combating racism and under the guise of
combating racism turn this into a conference that itself smacks of
anti-Semitism.” Mary Robinson also said the UN had already dealt with the
issue at great length, and re-opening it could put the success of the
conference at risk: “I am acutely aware of the suffering of the
Palestinian people, and dismayed at the continuing toll of deaths and
injuries…[But] I believe that it is inappropriate to reopen this issue in
any form here… If there is an attempt to revive the idea of Zionism as
racism we will not have a successful conference,” she told reporters in
Geneva. She argued that the issue was resolved 10 years ago when the UN
repealed a previous General Assembly resolution equating Zionism with
racism.
II. U.S. Motives Behind Boycotting the Conference
But the vocal protestations of the
world’s leading superpower and rogue state, parroted by the UN High
Commissioner, can hardly be rooted in humanitarian concerns. This is
clear when we ask: Why should any particular country, state or
people be exempted from scrutiny with regards to their racial
policies? Surely, a World Conference Against Racism should be ready
to debate and scrutinize the racial policies of every nation in the
world. Indeed, it would be racist to say that racists can’t be found
among all the peoples of the world, that some race or group of
people are somehow above question.
Actually, there is good reason to believe that
once again, the United States is attempting to manipulate the process of
open discussion in an international forum to suit its own vested
interests. The longstanding interests behind U.S.-led Western support of
Israel as the principal Western client regime of the Middle East have been
explained by Israeli General Shlomo Gazit, former Military Intelligence
commander and West Bank Administrator. Gazit explicitly described Israel’s
role as protector of U.S. interests in the Middle East:
Israel’s
main task has not changed at all [since the collapse of the U.S.S.R.], and
it remains of crucial importance. The geographical location of Israel at
the center of the Arab-Muslim Middle East predestines Israel to be a
devoted guardian of stability in all the countries surrounding it. Its
[role] is to protect the existing regimes: to prevent or halt the
processes of radicalization and to block the expansion of fundamentalist
religious zealotry.
For
this purpose Israel will prevent changes occurring beyond Israel’s
borders [which it] will regard as intolerable, to the point of
feeling compelled to use all its military power for the sake of
their prevention or eradication.
Thus, Israel aims to impose hegemony on all
other surrounding states in the Middle East through military action. The
historic roots of Israeli policy in this regard are clear from the very
conditions which prevailed during the creation and formation of the State
of Israel. Since its 19th Century origins, the most prominent
pioneers of the Zionist movement focused on the goal of establishing a
specifically Jewish state in which Jews would be protected and privileged
over non-Jews. The Zionist occupation of Palestine began at a minimal
level (amounting to 10 percent of the population by 1900, and by 1947,
Jews were still only about 30 percent of the population of Mandate
Palestine. Although they owned only six percent of the land, the 1947 UN
Partition Resolution assigned 55 percent of the land to a new Jewish
state, without consulting the indigenous Palestinian population and thus
in violation of their right to self-determination which the UN Charter
itself purports to recognize. As a consequence of this forcible
international support of the Zionist penetration of Palestine, Israel took
over larger and larger expanses of land by means of the 1947-48 war,
culminating in the expulsion of around 750,000 Palestinians. It is in this
context that we can understand why, as Gazit points out, Israel asserts
its right to intervene militarily in any Arab state facing:
… threats of
revolt, whether military or popular, which may end up by bringing
fanatical and extremist elements to power in the states concerned. The
existence of such threats has no connection with the Arab-Israeli
conflict. They exist because the regimes find it difficult to offer
solutions to their socio-economic ills. But any development of the
described kind is apt to subvert the existing relations between Israel and
this or that from among its neighbors.
He thus elaborates on the implications in
relation to regional U.S. and Western interests:
In the
aftermath of the disappearance of the U.S.S.R. as a political power with
interests of its own in the region a number of Middle Eastern states lost
a patron… A vacuum was thus created, leading to the region’s instability.
Under such conditions the Israeli role as a strategic asset guaranteeing a
modicum of stability in the entire Middle East did not dwindle or
disappear but was elevated to the first order of magnitude. Without
Israel, the West would have to perform this role by itself, when none of
the existing superpowers really could perform it, because of various
domestic and international constraints. For Israel, by contrast, the need
to intervene is a matter of survival.[1]
This leaves us with the question: What exactly
are the objectives of imposing this sort of hegemony throughout the Middle
East on behalf of the Western powers? The answer to this can be discerned
from the observation of the U.S. Senate’s ranking oil expert, Senator
Henry Jackson, in May 1973. Jackson stressed the necessity of “the
strength and Western orientation of Israel on the Mediterranean and Iran
[under the Shah] on the Persian Gulf”. Israel and Iran were “reliable
friends of the United States” who, along with Saudi Arabia “have served to
inhibit and contain those irresponsible and radical elements in certain
Arab states... who, were they free to do so, would pose a grave threat
indeed to our principle sources of petroleum in the Persian Gulf”, which
are needed primarily as a reserve and a lever for control of the global
economy.[2]
In other words, Israel is to play the role of
a regional proxy force serving to “inhibit” and “contain” the other Middle
East regimes by posing a constant military threat. Thereby, the entire
region remains under the hegemony of the United States in accordance with
Western economic interests in the unimpeded domination of oil. And this
entails ensuring that Israel is able to continue crushing any indigenous
or internal resistance to its policies of domination and control, without
international criticism, so that the Zionist regime can play its strategic
regional role without impediments from the international community. That
is why we find the U.S. consistently opposing efforts within the UN to
reveal the real character of the Israeli State – because to have the UN
officially recognizing the apartheid nature of Israel could potentially
result in the downfall of America’s principal Middle East guard dog, in
exactly the same way South African apartheid collapsed.
III. Internal Authoritative Commentary on Israel as a Racist State
Racists can be found everywhere, among
all people, including both Palestinians and Israelis. If
institutional racism is apparent even in Western democracies such as
the United States, the United Kingdom, and so on, then why should we
rule out the possibility of the same occurring in Israel? And why
should the possible role of certain interpretations of Zionism be
automatically assumed to have no role in this? Indeed, when
prominent Israelis themselves have noted the racist character of the
Israeli state in its treatment of Palestinians, it would be
nonsensical to attempt to prevent open discussion of this important
issue.
For instance, Ami Ayalon, retired head
of Israel’s domestic security service Shin Bet, spoke against the Israeli
policy of “separation” from the Palestinians at an annual meeting of the
Israeli Finance Ministry’s budget division last year. “Is the option of a
Jewish democracy with apartheid acceptable? In my view, it is not. That’s
a dilemma we’ve always wanted to delay.” He added that the Palestinians
should not be expected to be content living “in a Bantustan”, separated
from Israel, as well as from Egypt and Jordan “for security reasons”.[3]
He also observed: “The things a Palestinian has to endure, simply coming
to work in the morning, is a long and continuous nightmare that includes
humiliation bordering on despair… We have to decide soon what kind of
democracy we want here. The present model integrates apartheid and is not
commensurate with Judaism… We will never attain security without an
in-depth discussion about this issue.”[4]
The Los Angeles Times reported Ayalon’s
comments as follows:
[I]n public remarks
that shocked Israelis, a former head of the Israeli domestic security
service blamed government policies for triggering the Palestinian revolt.
Ami Ayalon, retired head of the Shin Bet security service, said Israel is
guilty of ‘apartheid’ policies that go against the spirit of Judaism. He
suggested that the Palestinians were following a logic in choosing
violence, and spoke of the profound ‘humiliation’ that Israel inflicts on
Palestinian workers and others who seek to enter Israel.[5]
The UN Conference Against Racism provides an
ideal international forum to openly and intensively engage with exactly
this issue, in the manner Ayalon indicated is essential for peace and
security in the Middle East. The role of Zionism in legitimising Israeli
policies that are racist should also be investigated. Unless the
international community is allowed to collectively scrutinise these
matters in an open dialogue, the human rights of Palestinians will
continue to be violated due to Israeli discrimination.
The Israeli human rights organisation,
B’Tselem (The Israeli Information Centre for Human Rights in the Occupied
Territories), has similarly concluded that Israeli policies in occupied
Palestine amount to nothing less than apartheid. Executive Director of
B’Tselem Eitan Felner wrote in an article titled ‘Apartheid By Any Other
Name: Creeping Annexation in the West Bank’ in an article for the French
journal Le Monde diplomatique based on an extensive B’Tselem
report, that Israeli settlement policies have been systematically
“reinforcing the system of discrimination in the West Bank”. Describing
what he labels “Apartheid in the Holy Land”, Felner observes:
The massive network of roads and highways in
the West Bank that connect the major settlements to Israel represents the
most overt aspect of Israel’s relentless efforts to incorporate the
settlements and settlers into Israel. It makes it possible for settlers to
commute to Israel each day… Another aspect of the integration of the
settlements into Israel - less conspicuous but no less important - is the
application of virtually the whole Israeli legal system to the
settlements. Throughout the years Israel’s civil and military authorities
have enacted a myriad of laws, regulations, and orders relating to
settlers in the Occupied Territories to ensure that in almost every
respect the lives of settlers are like those of Israelis living in Israel
itself…
The result, he writes, is the establishment of
a system of institutional racism against the indigenous Palestinians under
the alien regime Israeli military occupation:
Israel has
established a system of segregation and discrimination, in which two
populations living in the same area are subject to different systems of
law. While Palestinians are subject to military law and usually tried in
military courts, Israelis who commit the same offence in the same place
are subject to Israeli law and tried in civil courts inside Israel. Jewish
settlers enjoy all the rights of Jews in Israel, including complete
freedom of movement, speech and organisation, participation in local and
national (Israeli) elections, social security and health benefits, etc.
For Palestinians, on the other hand, even those living a few hundred
metres from Jewish settlements, freedom of movement is limited. They
cannot, obviously, vote to curtail the powers of the IDF and they do not
enjoy Israel’s social security or health benefits. In Africaans they call
it apartheid… [T]his institutionalised discrimination is spelled out in
the government’s basic guidelines.[6]
IV. Israeli Apartheid: The South Africa Analogy
UN Resolution 2106, adopted in 1965,
defines racial discrimination as “any distinction, restriction, or
preference based on race, color, descent or national origin.” As
noted by Jewish analyst Elias Davidsson of the Centre for Policy
Research on Global Justice: “When evaluating whether certain
conditions or practices constitute ‘racial discrimination’, it is
not imperative that intent is proved. It suffices that conditions or
practices have the ‘effect of nullifying or impairing’ equality of
rights, regardless of the declared intent of those conditions or
practices.”[7]
By this definition, there can be no doubt that the State of Israel
is institutionally and officially racist.
Since
1948, Israel’s Knesset has applied its state ideology – Zionism - in
a series of laws intended to formalise relations between population
groups within Israel’s recognised borders. This matrix of Zionist
laws has culminated in a regime that, by analogy to South Africa,
can only be described as “apartheid” in nature, due to their
establishment of separate classes of citizenship and civil rights
based on racial criteria.
In principle, Israel defines itself as a
“Jewish State”. In 1985, a Constitutional Law was passed by the Knesset
prohibiting the existence of a political party that openly opposes the
principle of Israel as “the state of the Jewish people”
or even
proposes to change this principle democratically. By this official
definition, Israel in fact “belongs to persons who are defined by the
Israeli authorities as ‘Jewish’, irrespective of where they live, and to
them alone. On the other hand, Israel doesn’t officially ‘belong’ to its
non-Jewish citizens, whose status is considered even officially as
inferior.”[8]
There are several other basic
(irrevocable) laws with discriminatory implications for non-Jews in
Israel. The 1948 Law of Citizenship, for example, establishes eligibility
for citizenship status, yet citizenship without “Jewish nationality”
grants few fundamental rights that are granted to Jews. The 1950 Law of
Return refers to the exclusive “nationality right” for Jews from anywhere
in the world to enter and live within Israel, and to claim a superior
legal status with full rights (such as those to land and housing) which
are denied to the indigenous Palestinians. Professor Anita Shapira of the
Department of History at Tel Aviv University comments that: “The Law of
Return gave preference to any Jew born in Britain or Morocco over an Arab
born in Jaffa and driven into exile as a result of the 1948 war… Arab
settlements have been short-changed and discriminated against for
decades.”[9]
The 1952 Status Law recognises certain “national” institutions operating
within Israel, and extraterritorially, as part of the government of Israel
to serve “the Jewish people” exclusively (e.g. the World Zionist
Organization/Jewish Agency, which is affiliated to the Jewish National
Fund).[10]
There are three other particular areas
in which Israel officially discriminates against Palestinians in favour of
Jews, these being residency, employment, and legal equality. With regards
to the first issue, of all the land of Israel, 92 percent is considered to
be the “inalienable property of the Jewish people” as per Israel’s
Development Authority Law. This means that 92 per cent of Israel’s land is
owned by the state and administered by the Israel Land Authority in
accordance with Jewish National Fund (JNF) regulations, which deny the
right of residency, to open a business and often to employment, to all
non-Jews solely because they are not Jewish. Yet Jews possess full freedom
to reside or open businesses throughout Israel without restriction. In
practice this means that Arabs are forced to live only in very limited
areas. Indeed, although Israeli Arabs are theoretically entitled to equal
treatment, in reality the regime ensures that their houses are demolished
to make way to build new homes for Israeli Jews, as and when is considered
necessary.[11]
JNF regulations also officially deny
non-Jews their right to work on land administered by the Israel Land
Authority. Although these regulations are not necessarily strictly and
continuously enforced, their existence indicates the institutionally
racist nature of the State of Israel. The Israeli authorities do, however,
periodically embark on “enforcement campaigns”, such as when the
Agricultural Ministry has attempted to stamp out “the pestilence of
letting fruit orchards belonging to Jews and situated on National Land be
harvested by Arab labourers”, whether or not they are citizens of Israel.
Jews are also forbidden from sub-renting their land, or a part of it, to
Arabs, for any period of time – and accordingly punished with heavy fines
if found to be doing so.[12]
The right to equality before the law is
also denied non-Jewish citizens of Israel by numerous laws which refer to
Jews and non-Jews respectively as “anyone who can immigrate in accordance
with the Law of Return” and “anyone who is not entitled to immigrate in
accordance with the Law of Return.” The late Jewish scholar Professor
Israel Shahak of Hebrew University, Chairman of the Israeli League for
Human and Civil Rights, a Holocaust survivor of a Nazi concentration camp
and a tireless campaigner for civil and human rights for over 30 years,
observes that: “Depending on the law in question, benefits are granted to
the first category [Jews] and systematically denied to the second
[non-Jews]… There are so many laws and regulations in Israel which
discriminate in favour of the persons defined as those ‘who can immigrate
in accordance with the Law of Return’.”[13]
Israeli Professor Uzi Ornan points out the
existence of other Zionist laws of the State which are discriminatory in
character:
Blatant discrimination against non-Jews
can also be found in other laws dealing with the acquisition of property,
government support for young couples, educational curricula, and
government expenditure for schools, to cite just a few examples. The
routine means for enforcing discrimination is the ID card, which everyone
is obliged to carry at all times. ID cards list ‘nationality’, which can
be Jewish, Arab, Druze, Circassian, Samaritan, Kara’ite, or foreign. When
a person presents his ID card to a policeman, a security official, or to a
clerk at a government office whose services he requires, they can know
which ‘sector’ he belongs to and treat him accordingly, or, refer him to
those who are responsible for dealing with his ‘sector’.[14]
That this has resulted directly from the
official ideology of the State, Zionism, is also apparent. Professor Ornan
admits that: “Apartheid is so powerful a mindset in this society, that its
existence and preservation is championed by all the members of the
‘Zionist parties’, including those who believe themselves to be in the
vanguard of the struggle for socialism, peace and equal rights.”[15]
The
plight of Palestinians within the Occupied Territories has been compared
by many scholars to the plight of blacks under the apartheid regime of
South Africa. Indeed, a comparison between the conditions faced by blacks
in South Africa and Palestinians under Israeli occupation shows clearly
that, like South Africa in the 1980s, the Israeli regime has integrated a
system of institutionalised racism, or in other words, apartheid. The
British press, for example, acknowledges that:
If Palestinians were
black, Israel would now be a pariah state subject to economic sanctions
led by the United State. Its development and settlement of the West Bank
would be seen as a system of apartheid, in which the indigenous population
was allowed to live in a tiny fraction of its own country, in
self-administered ‘bantustans’, with ‘whites’ monopolising the supply of
water and electricity. And just as the black population was allowed into
South Africa’s white areas in disgracefully under-resourced townships, so
Israel's treatment of Israeli Arabs - flagrantly discriminating against
them in housing and education spending - would be recognised as scandalous
too.[16]
There can thus be little
doubt over the stark similarities between the plight of the three million
Palestinians in the Occupied Territories and the darkest days of South
African apartheid. Permits must be obtained by Palestinians in the West
Bank and Gaza for almost every activity, including such basic freedoms as
traveling to another town or planting a fruit tree. Yet the issuance of
such permits is largely arbitrary, and thus frequently refused by the
Israeli authorities. Consequently, it is virtually impossible for the vast
majority of Palestinians to earn a living. A matrix of interlocking
mechanisms has resulted in ongoing land confiscations, stifling
restrictions on movement, and almost constant curfews, almost identical in
nature to the harsh conditions imposed on the black population of South
Africa by the white-dominated apartheid regime.
Israeli peace activist Jeff
Halper, Professor of Anthropology at Ben-Gurion University and Coordinator
of the Israeli Committee Against House Demolitions, has described in
detail the web of mechanisms resulting in the systematic discrimination
against indigenous Palestinians under Israeli occupation:
Only a decade after the
fall of apartheid in South Africa, after we all thought we had seen the
end of that hateful system, we are witnessing the emergence of another
apartheid-style regime, that of Israel over the incipient Palestinian
state in the West Bank, Gaza and parts of Jerusalem. This, at least, seems
the likely outcome of the ‘peace process’ begun in Oslo and continued, if
haltingly, at the July Camp David summit. Whether a Palestinian state
actually emerges from the Oslo process or Israel's occupation becomes
permanent, the essential elements of apartheid -- exclusivity, inequality,
separation, control, dependency, violations of human rights and suffering
- are likely to define the relationship between Israel and the Occupied
Territories/Palestine.
Professor Halper describes
“the matrix of control” imposed by Israel as “an interlocking series of
mechanisms, only a few of which require physical occupation of territory,
that allow Israel to control every aspect of Palestinian life in the
Occupied Territories.” This matrix, “similar in appearance to a Go board,
has virtually paralyzed the Palestinian population without ‘defeating’ it
or even conquering much territory.” In the Japanese game of Go, one wins
by immobilizing one’s opponent, through a process of “gaining control of
key points of a matrix so that every time s/he moves s/he encounters an
obstacle of some kind.” The matrix is built of subtle interventions,
although “largely bureaucratic and legal”, remains “backed by overwhelming
military force, which Israel reserves for itself the right to employ.”
Forcible measures of control which can be taken against Palestinian
communities and individuals include “the extensive use of collaborators
and undercover ‘mustarabi’ army units, administrative detention,
arrest, trial and torture.” Indeed, over 2,000 arbitrary ‘orders’ “issued
by the Military Commanders of the West Bank and Gaza have been issued
since 1967, supplemented by policies formulated by the Civil
Administration, under the direction of the Ministry of Defense…
Today, 195 exclusively Jewish settlements
housing some 400,000 Israelis are sprinkled across the Occupied
Territories: about 200,000 settlers live in the West Bank, 200,000 in East
Jerusalem and 6,000 in Gaza (the latter occupying a fourth of the land,
including most of the coastline). The most significant development in
recent years has been the consolidation of small settlements vulnerable to
Palestinian demands of dismantling into settlement ‘blocs’ of 50,000
people or more. The blocs control strategic corridors of the West Bank and
interrupt the territorial contiguity of the Palestinians’ areas. Areas A,
B, C and D in the West Bank, areas H-1 and H-2 in Hebron, Yellow, Green,
Blue and White Areas in Gaza, and ‘open green spaces’ of restricted
housing covering more than half of Palestinian East Jerusalem - there is
no freedom of movement between these four disconnected Bantustans.
A system of highways and bypass roads links
the settlements, creating additional barriers between Palestinian areas
and incorporating the West Bank into Israel proper. Ironically, the bypass
road project enjoys the tacit and misguided support of the Palestinian
Authority. ‘Security borders’ - the thick web of closed military areas and
internal checkpoints in the Territories - enforce Israel’s declared policy
of ‘separation’ from the Palestinians and further hinder Palestinian
movement.
Army bases occupy large tracts of land and
keep weaponry ready for reasserting control through brute force… Yet a
third set of control mechanisms, the most subtle of all, are those of a
bureaucratic or ‘legal’ nature. They entangle Palestinians in
restrictions, which trigger sanctions whenever Palestinians try to expand
their life space. The West Bank and Gaza are permanently ‘closed’,
violating freedom of movement of people and goods and impoverishing the
Palestinian population. A system of permits causes, among other things,
prolonged separation of family members and limits work, travel and study
abroad. Building permits, enforced by house demolitions, arrests, fines
and daily harassment, serve to confine Palestinians to small enclaves.
Expansive ‘master plans’ around settlements (in contrast to the tight
planning rings around Palestinian communities) allow Israel to contend
that settlement building has been ‘frozen’ within the larger rings.
Planting of crops is restricted, and Israel controls the licensing and
inspection of Palestinian businesses.
To all of this must be added, of course,
the psychological costs of life under occupation: loss of life,
imprisonment, torture, harassment, humiliation, anger and frustration, as
well as traumas suffered by tens of thousands of Palestinians (especially
children) who witnessed their homes being demolished, saw their loved ones
beaten and humiliated, suffered from inadequate housing and lost
opportunities to realize their potential in life.[17]
It is this matrix of
control that has established apartheid conditions within the Occupied
Territories. Professor Ornan rightly observed in 1991 that “it is amazing
how closely the discriminatory laws of South Africa - which began to be
legislated in 1913 and which are now about to be abolished - resemble the
discriminatory laws which began to be legislated in the state of Israel in
1948.”[18]
Israeli correspondent Amira Hass has noted the dire consequences:
This control is what has enabled Israel
to double the number of settlers in 10 years, to enlarge the settlements,
to continue its discriminatory policy of cutting back water quotas for
three million Palestinians, to prevent Palestinian development in most of
the area of the West Bank, and to seal an entire nation into restricted
areas, imprisoned in a network of bypass roads meant for Jews only. During
these days of strict internal restriction of movement in the West Bank,
one can see how carefully each road was planned: So that 200,000 Jews have
freedom of movement, about three million Palestinians are locked into
their Bantustans until they submit to Israeli demands.[19]
This has been accompanied
by the consolidation, as opposed to reduction, of Israel’s illegal
military occupation of Palestine through the expansion of Jewish
settlements in receipt of privileges systematically and officially denied
to the non-Jewish Palestinian population. The ultimate goal of these
policies is the expulsion of the Palestinian people from their homeland
which is to become the sole property of the State of Israel and its Jewish
citizens. As recorded by Danny Rubenstein, “readers of the Palestinian
papers get the impression (and rightly so) that activity in the
settlements never stops…
Israel is constantly
building, expanding and reinforcing the Jewish settlements in the West
Bank and Gaza. Israel is always grabbing homes and lands in areas beyond
the 1967 lines - and of course, this is all at the expense of the
Palestinians, in order to limit them, push them into a corner and then
out. In other words, the goal is to eventually dispossess them of their
homeland and their capital, Jerusalem.[20]
Other organisations that
have studied Israel’s system of administration and related policies in the
Occupied Territories as well as within its own internationally recognised
borders, have come to similar conclusions. The New York-based NGO, the
Center for Economic and Social Rights (CESR), for instance, has found that
the “model of socio-economic, cultural and especially physical separation
between Jew and Arab” adopted by the Israeli regime, “derives from the
original Labor Zionist ideology that culminated in the 1948 military
expulsion of 90 per cent of the indigenous Palestinian population from
what became Israel.” Israel’s plan for the Palestinians, backed by the
United States among other bystanders in the international community, is as
follows:
Palestinians are to be separated from
Israel politically and geographically, linked only economically in the
form of cheap labor and captive markets. Arafat will be anointed president
of his cherished state on 90 per cent of the West Bank and Gaza. But the
population will remain confined in territorially non-contiguous bantustans,
encircled by and controlled through a network of Israeli settlements,
roads and military checkpoints, and subject to repressive PA security
forces. In return for Israeli sovereignty over the settlements, the Barak
camp has even floated the possibility of ceding sovereignty over Arab
areas in northern Israel, thereby ridding the state of 300,000 Palestinian
citizens. As the final element in this plan, over three million
Palestinian refugees will be denied their internationally recognized human
right to return to homes within Israel…[21]
The Middle East Department
of the Washington-based Institute for Policy Studies (IPS) has come to
similar conclusions. Longtime U.S. Middle East expert and head of the
Middle East Project of the IPS, Jewish scholar Phyllis Bennis, points out:
If you are a Jew, you have exclusive use of
land, privileged access to private and public employment, special
educational loans, home mortgages, preferences for admission to
universities, and many other things. Many other special privileges are
reserved for those who have served in the Israeli military. And military
service is compulsory for all Jews (male and female), except for the
ultra-Orthodox who get the same privileges as other Jews, but excludes
Palestinians, who do not.
Over 80 percent of the land within Israel that
was once owned by Palestinians has been confiscated. All told, 93 percent
of Israel’s land can only be leased or owned by Jews or Jewish agencies.
Moreover, despite Israel’s booming economy, Palestinian unemployment is
skyrocketing - Adalah says it is about 40 percent. In 1996 twice as many
Arab citizens (28.3 percent) as Jewish citizens (14.4 percent) lived below
the poverty line. Less than five percent of government employees are Arab.
And eighty percent of all student drop-outs are Arab.
There are also vast disparities between Arab
towns and Jewish towns in government spending on schools, medical systems,
roads and electricity, clean water, and social services.
Unlike any other
country in the world, Israel does not define itself as a state of its
residents, or even a state of its citizens, but as a state of all the Jews
in the world. Jews from anywhere in the world, like me, can travel to
Israel, declare citizenship, and be granted all the privileges of being
Jewish that are denied to Palestinians who have lived in the area for
hundreds of years.[22]
In this exceedingly brief
paper then, we have seen extensive evidence that there is in Israel a
long-established system of apartheid that institutionalises racial
discrimination against Palestinians and other non-Jews, in both law and
practice. This system consists of an increasingly brutal and tightening
military occupation that utilises ethnic cleansing amidst a policy of
geographical division and socio-economic deprivation to further
marginalise the indigenous population. All this is pursued in violation of
an endless number of UN resolutions ordering Israel to halt the oppression
of Palestinians and cease its occupation of Palestine.
Collected here is only a
segment of the grim record and extensive documentation providing insight
into the nature of the Israeli regime and its racial policies. For the UN
Conference Against Racism to ignore this issue, as has been urged by the
U.S. and its lackeys in and out of the UN, is thus not merely dishonest –
it is complicity in an ongoing series of war crimes and crimes against
humanity conducted by a regime whose record of hate is far worse than the
unconscionable policies of the apartheid regime of South Africa. Our
responsibility is clear: to raise awareness of the facts; and to call to
account, and indeed pressurise, those in power who, in supporting and
conducting Israeli apartheid, are colluding in the convergence of the
Middle East region towards all out war, and thus further unimaginable
humanitarian catastrophes. We can learn from the example of South Africa,
just as we can be sure that the West has also learned. No self-respecting
member of the elite pulling the strings of the international regime doubts
the danger of people around the world recognising the reality of the
situation on the ground in occupied Palestine – which is why they are
afraid of entering into international dialogue over the issue.
We should not doubt the
danger either. On the contrary, we should use it in the way of peace and
justice, and in this path there is genuine hope.
Notes:
[1]
Yediot Aahronot, 1992; cited in Selfa, Laura, ‘The US and
Israel’, International Socialist Review, Spring 1998. Also
see Chomsky, Noam, ‘The Middle East Settlement: Its Sources and
Contours’, in Power and Prospects, South End Press, Boston,
1996, p. 165 and Shahak, Israel, Open Secrets, Pluto Press,
London, 1997, p. 11.
[2]
Cited in Chomsky, Noam, Deterring Democracy, op. cit., p. 55
[3]
Ha’aretz, 5 December 2000
[4]
Ma’ariv, 5 December 2000
[5]
Wilkinson, Tracy, ‘Israel Hawk Considers Run at a Wounded Dove’, Los
Angeles Times, 5 December 2000.
[7]
Davidsson, Elias, Memorandum on Institutionalized Racial
Discrimination by and in the State of Israel, Centre for Policy
Research on Global Justice (CPR), July 1993,
http://juscogens.org
[8]
Shahak, Israel, Jewish History, Jewish Religion: The Weight of Three
Thousand Years, Pluto Press, London, 1997, p. 3.
[9]
Shapira, Anita, ‘Jewish identity, Israeli identity’, JPR Newsletter,
Institute for Jewish Policy Research, Spring 2000.
[10]
For brief discussion of these three laws see Schechla, Joseph, ‘Is
Zionism a Form of Racial Discrimination?: UN Debate Will Necessitate
Re-Examination of Resolution 3379’, Washington Report on Middle East
Affairs, November 1991, p. 35.
[11]
Shahak, Israel, Jewish History, Jewish Religion: The Weight of Three
Thousand Years, op. cit., p. 5
[14]
Ornan, Uzi, ‘Apartheid Laws in Israel – The Art of Obfuscatory
Formulation’, Ha’aretz, 17 May 1991.
[16]
The Observer, 15 October 2000.
[18]
Letter from Uzi Ornan to Editor of Ha’aretz, published 10
February 1991.
[19]
Hass, Amira, ‘Israel has failed the test’, Ha’aretz, 18 October
2000.
[20]
Ha’aretz, 23 October 2000.
[21]
Normand, Roger, ‘The Iron Fist in the Peace Process’, MERIP Press
Information Note 33, Middle East Report, 4 October 2000. Normand
is Executive Director of the CESR. For further reports and analysis see
http://www.cesr.org
[22]
Elbaun, Max, Interview with Phyllis Bennis, ‘For Jews Only: Racism
Inside Israel’, ColorLines Magazine, 15 December 2000.
Mr. Nafeez Ahmed is a
political analyst and human rights activist based in London. He is
Director of the Institute for Policy Research & Development and a
Researcher at the Islamic Human Rights
Commission.